SkyPirl Blockchain
  • SkyPirl (Pirl)
    • Docs.Pirl.io
    • About SkyPirl (Pirl)
    • Mission
    • Create SkyPirl 2.0 wallet
    • Restore wallet with secret 12 phrase
    • How to be a Nominator
    • SkyPirl coin specifications
    • Run a validator
    • How to unbound fund
    • How payout works
    • How to vote for Council
    • How to set identity
    • SLASHES
    • Refund of slashed
    • COIN SPECIFICATION
    • Governance and Treasury
    • Telemetry
    • List of wallet addresses not working
    • Spend from the treasury and Burn
    • Mint coins and transfer coins to the treasury
      • Treasury2
    • Burn2
    • Source Code
    • List of wallets holding coins of burned wallets with PIRL balance at block 3939000
  • About SkyPirl (Pirl)
  • Mission
  • PIRLmeet.com
    • About PIRLmeet.com
    • Free Trial
    • CINEMA
    • Microphone On-Off
    • Screen Sharing
      • Share—or don't share your audio
      • Video recording tutorial + camera + mp4 video download
    • Hands Up
    • Change the ringtone when giving a raise of hand
    • Stream MP4 videos
    • Stream mp4 video on Firefox browser
    • Cabinet Lock
      • Cabinet Lock account
      • Normal-Demo
      • How can I cabinet lock and keep strangers from entering the room?
      • How can I add people to the room when the room is locked?
    • Text chat
      • Room chat
      • Cabinetlock Chat
      • private chat per video
    • Connect Pirl wallet to Room-House
    • Change cover photo
    • Video title name
    • Setting up you own Room-House
    • How to download videos on youtube, Facebook and convert to mp4 files
    • Use camera beautification App when livestream
    • PIRLmeet can create meetings that last 24/7 and 365 days a year.
    • How does PIRLmeet secure products?
    • Get Pirl coin when playing videos on Room-house
    • Picture
    • OBS Studio
      • Download
      • Screen sharing and front camera
      • Stream video from R-H to Youtube
      • Stream games
      • Stream Video and Record Video and download videos
      • Good quality video settings
      • Edit the frame and choose the recording frame
    • Source Code
  • Game
    • Room-House.com and games
    • Slot Machine
      • Connect the slot machine to the SkyPirl Light Wallet.
      • Connect Room-House.com to the slot machine
  • SkyPirl Light Wallet
  • PIRL Decentralized Charity Foundation
  • SkyPirl Community
  • Apps for Android and IOS (PWA)
    • Android
    • Iphone (IOS)
    • Computer-Windows-PC
  • Business Paradigm R-H
    • Use SkyPirl coin to pay in Room-House.com
  • Roadmap
  • Core Team
  • xTer . Technology
    • About xTER SafeContainer
    • xTer Ecosystem
    • xTer SkyPirl
    • xTer Room-House
      • How to Room-House
    • xTer Room-House Plus
      • How to xTer room-House plus
    • xTer TrueAD
    • xTer SmartFilter
  • White Paper
  • Blog
    • News
      • ------What is Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0?------
      • The world's first decentralized audio chat room Room-House
      • What's so special about decentralized audio chat rooms?
      • Features that make Room-House.com decentralized chat rooms competitive with giants
      • Ever heard of Decentralized Charity Fund?
      • What is online meeting? 4 most effective online conferencing solutions
      • What is online meeting? Is it easy or difficult to organize?
      • What is the standard of a professional online meeting room?
      • History of the world's first online meeting software
      • Decentralized Application Room-House.com (Daap)
      • In what year was the internet born? And the birth of the project SkyPirl
      • Cooperation between Room-House and Russian State Social University
      • Building SkyPirl Decentralized Internet in Space
      • Data collection is a huge industry that operates in the dark
      • Free and easy decentralized internet for everyone to use
      • What is Pirl (PIRL) ? Community Based Project Pioneering in Introducing Masternode Technology
      • PirlGuard — Innovative Solution against 51% Attacks
      • ETC and PirlGuard Cybersecurity Plan
      • PirlChat messenger release
      • Overview of PirlChat 0.5.1–0.6 Beta Versions
      • Decentralized blockchain messengers
      • PirlChat messenger version 1.0.4 released
      • What is Pirl 2.0 and what changes will come to the Pirl network
      • The Pirl project announced the launch of its own exchange
      • PIRL’s Content Masternodes Are Almost Out: What You Need to Know
      • PIRL Masternodes and DApps Overview
      • PIRL Decentralized Charity Foundation - SkyPirl
      • Thanks to PirlGuard, Callisto is protected against 51% attacks
      • What is SkyPirl(PIRL) project?
      • Here is the sci-fi story of the decentralized social network PIRL:
      • What is Callisto-Pirl.com project?
      • Here is the legend of the multi-planetary decentralized internet space station PIRL:
      • PIRL decentralized social network has the following key differences:
      • The SM feature of the decentralized social network PIRL seems to be an interesting secret.
      • SkyPirl(PIRL) is designed to attract investors with attractive features:
      • SkyPirl project does not sell ICO (Initial Coin Offering) or not raise funds for the following reaso
      • Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! SkyPirl Callisto-Pirl.com
      • SkyPirl Project Merry Christmas Story:
      • Happy New Year! SkyPirl Callisto-Pirl.com
      • Here's the story of the SkyPirl Mars Exploration Project:
      • Multiplanetary Billionaire
      • Lost in space
      • The Last Space Train
      • The future of society: Polarization of rich and poor in the 4.0 revolution
      • Callisto-Pirl.com Civil War
      • Callisto-Pirl.com Civil War 2
      • Callisto-Pirl.com Civil War 3
      • Callisto-Pirl.com Civil War 4
      • Callisto-Pirl.com Civil War 5
      • Callisto-Pirl.com Civil War 6
      • Callisto-Pirl.com Civil War 7
      • Callisto-Pirl.com Civil War 8
      • Callisto-Pirl.com Civil War 9
      • Callisto-Pirl.com Civil War 10
      • Callisto-Pirl.com Civil War 11
      • Callisto-Pirl.com Civil War 12
      • Page 6
      • Page 5
      • Page 4
      • Page 3
      • Page 2
      • Page 1
      • Page
    • Technical
      • What is Bitcoin? How are Bitcoins created?
      • Export Your Private Key from Third-Party Wallets
      • What Is a Stablecoin?
      • What Is Wrapped Bitcoin?
      • 7 Ways to Generate Passive Income With Crypto
      • What is a decentralized social network?
      • How many Bitcoins can be mined in a day?
      • How many Bitcoins are there in the world?
      • What is a decentralized exchange? different from centralized floor?
      • What is Staking? 5 things to note when investing in Staking
      • What Are Blockchain Bridges?
      • Compare Hot Wallet and Cold Wallet, which one should you use?
      • What is NFT?
      • Building a Decentralized Internet in Space
      • Web 3.0 Paradox
      • Controversy about the future of the Internet
      • The metaverse virtual universe could revolutionize the Internet
      • 'Blockchain is the most influential technology since the Internet'
      • Web3 - Expectations for the Decentralized Internet
      • What is Dapp? The concept of Dapp and their classification
      • How Decentralized Web Browsers Give You Unsurpassed Privacy
      • Is Web 3.0 being hyped?
      • What are Nodes? Types of Nodes in Blockchain
      • Blockchain can be hacked or not?
      • What is Private Key and Public Key in Bitcoin?
      • What is a Nonce in Blockchain?
      • What is Decentralized Autonomous Cooperative (DAC)?
      • What is Genesis Block?
      • What is Web3? Explaining the Decentralized Internet of the Future
      • Z-Consensus CLO
      • DEX223 Explanation
      • CLOIP
        • CLOIP-1
        • CLOIP-2
        • CLOIP-3
        • CLOIP-4
      • Skuld Hard Fork: Transforming Callisto Network with Dynamic Monetary Policy
      • Dex223 ICO
      • CoinSavi là gì?
      • SLOFI Token
    • Pi NetWork
      • Pi NetWork ( English )
        • Pi Network (PI) Mining Step by Step Guide
        • How to Create a Pi Wallet
        • How to KYC Pi Network 100% Success (2023)
        • Pi Network Security Circle: How to Add Users to Security Circle?
        • How to Migrate Your Mining Pi Coin to Mainnet in 8 Steps (See Video)
        • Why Pi Network can become the most active existence of mobile smart cryptocurrency?
        • FAQ? (FAQ)
      • Pi NetWork ( Tiếng Việt)
        • Pi NetWork là gì?
        • Cách KYC Pi Network 100% thành công (2023)
        • Vòng tròn bảo mật là gì?
        • Hướng dẫn tạo ví Pi Network
        • Cách Đào Pi Trên Điện Thoại
        • Cài đặt tên như thế nào là đúng trong Pi Network
        • Bạn cần xác nhận ngay VÍ PI THẬT để chuẩn bị chuyển SỐ PI XỊN vào ví pi sau khi hoàn thành KYC.
        • Hướng dẫn cách rút chuyển Pi về Ví Mainnet
        • Cách tăng tốc độ Đào Pi Network
        • Tại sao Pi Network có thể trở thành sự tồn tại tích cực nhất của tiền điện tử thông minh di động?
        • Hỏi đáp (FAQ)
    • Việt Nam
      • Pirl (PIRL) Là Gì ? Dự Án Dựa Trên Cộng Đồng Đi Tiên Phong Trong Việc Giới Thiệu Công Nghệ Masternod
      • Giới thiệu về SkyPirl (Pirl)
      • Sứ Mệnh Pirl2.0
      • Phần mềm Room-House.com là gì
      • Giới thiệu về Room-House.com
      • Room-House có thể tạo các cuộc họp kéo dài 24/7 và 365 ngày một năm.
      • Room-House.com bảo mật sản phẩm như thế nào?
      • Giới thiệu về xTER SafeContainer
      • Kế hoạch an ninh mạng của ETC và PirlGuard
      • Quỹ từ thiện phi tập trung Pirl
      • Phát hành trình nhắn tin PirlChat
      • Tổng quan về các phiên bản Beta của PirlChat 0.5.1–0.6
      • Trình nhắn tin chuỗi khối phi tập trung
      • PirlChat messenger phiên bản 1.0.4 được phát hành
      • Pirl 2.0 là gì và những thay đổi nào sẽ đến với mạng Pirl
      • Dự án Pirl đã công bố ra mắt sàn giao dịch của riêng mình
      • Masternode nội dung của PIRL sắp hết: Những điều bạn cần biết
      • Tổng quan về PIRL Masternodes và DApps
      • Xây dựng Internet phi tập trung SkyPirl trong không gian
      • Nhờ PirlGuard, Callisto được bảo vệ chống lại các cuộc tấn công 51%
    • Russia
      • ------Что такое Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0?------
      • Первый в мире децентрализованный аудиочат Room-House
      • Что такого особенного в децентрализованных аудиочатах?
      • Функции, которые делают децентрализованные чаты Room-House.com конкурентоспособными с гигантами
      • Вы когда-нибудь слышали о Децентрализованном благотворительном фонде?
      • Что такое онлайн-встреча? 4 самых эффективных решения для онлайн-конференций
      • Что такое онлайн-встреча? Легко или сложно это организовать?
      • Каков стандарт профессионального онлайн-зала для встреч?
      • История первого в мире программного обеспечения для онлайн-встреч
      • Децентрализованное приложение Room-House.com (Daap)
      • В каком году родился Интернет? И рождение проекта SkyPirl
      • Сотрудничество Room-House и Российского государственного социального университета
      • Создание децентрализованного Интернета SkyPirl в космосе
      • Сбор данных — это огромная индустрия, которая работает в темноте
      • Бесплатный и простой децентрализованный Интернет, которым может пользоваться каждый.
      • Что такое Пирл (PIRL)? Пионерский проект сообщества по внедрению технологии мастернод
      • PirlGuard — инновационное решение против атак 51%
      • План кибербезопасности ETC и PirlGuard
      • Релиз мессенджера PirlChat
      • Обзор бета-версий PirlChat 0.5.1–0.6
      • Децентрализованные мессенджеры на блокчейне
      • Вышла версия мессенджера PirlChat 1.0.4
      • Что такое Pirl 2.0 и какие изменения произойдут в сети Pirl
      • Проект Pirl объявил о запуске собственной биржи
      • Мастерноды контента PIRL почти закончились: что вам нужно знать
      • Обзор мастернод PIRL и DApps
      • Децентрализованный благотворительный фонд PIRL
      • Благодаря PirlGuard Каллисто защищен от атак 51%
    • China
      • ------什么是Web 1.0、2.0、3.0?------
      • 全球首个去中心化音频聊天室Room-House
      • 去中心化音频聊天室有什么特别之处?
      • 让 Room-House.com 去中心化聊天室与巨头竞争的功能
      • 听说过去中心化慈善基金吗?
      • 什么是线上会议?4种最有效的在线会议解决方案
      • 什么是线上会议?组织起来容易还是困难?
      • 专业的网络会议室的标准是什么?
      • 世界上第一个在线会议软件的历史
      • 去中心化应用室-House.com (Daap)
      • 互联网诞生于哪一年?SkyPirl 项目的诞生
      • Room-House与俄罗斯国立社会大学合作
      • 在太空中构建 SkyPirl 去中心化互联网
      • 数据收集是一个在黑暗中运作的庞大行业
      • 免费且简单的去中心化互联网,供所有人使用
      • 什么是皮尔(PIRL)?基于社区的项目开创了引入主节点技术的先河
      • PirlGuard — 针对 51% 攻击的创新解决方案
      • ETC 和 PirlGuard 网络安全计划
      • PirlChat 即时通讯软件发布
      • PirlChat 0.5.1–0.6 Beta 版本概述
      • 去中心化区块链信使
      • PirlChat 即时通讯软件 1.0.4 版发布
      • 什么是 Pirl 2.0,Pirl 网络将发生哪些变化
      • Pirl项目宣布推出自己的交易所
      • PIRL 的内容主节点即将退出:您需要了解的内容
      • PIRL 主节点和 DApp 概述
      • PIRL 去中心化慈善基金会
      • PirlGuard – 51% 攻击防护
    • Japan
      • -------Web 1.0、2.0、3.0とは何ですか?------
      • 世界初の分散型音声チャットルーム Room-House
      • 分散型音声チャット ルームの何がそんなに特別なのでしょうか?
      • Room-House.com の分散型チャット ルームを大手企業と競争できるようにする機能
      • 分散型慈善基金について聞いたことがありますか?
      • オンライン会議とは何ですか?最も効果的な 4 つのオンライン会議ソリューション
      • オンライン会議とは何ですか?整理するのは簡単ですか、それとも難しいですか?
      • プロフェッショナルなオンライン会議室の基準は何ですか?
      • 世界初のオンライン会議ソフトウェアの歴史
      • 分散型アプリケーション Room-House.com (Daap)
      • インターネットが誕生したのは何年ですか? そしてSkyPirlプロジェクトの誕生
      • SkyPirl 分散型インターネットを宇宙に構築する
      • データ収集は暗闇で行われる巨大産業です
      • 誰もが使える無料で簡単な分散型インターネット
      • ピル(PIRL)とは何ですか?マスターノードテクノロジーの導入における先駆的なコミュニティベースのプロジェクト
      • PirlGuard — 51% 攻撃に対する革新的なソリューション
      • ETC および PirlGuard サイバーセキュリティ プラン
      • PirlChatメッセンジャーのリリース
      • PirlChat 0.5.1 ~ 0.6 ベータ版の概要
      • 分散型ブロックチェーンメッセンジャー
      • PirlChat メッセンジャー バージョン 1.0.4 がリリースされました
      • Pirl 2.0 とは何か、Pirl ネットワークにどのような変更が加えられるか
      • Pirlプロジェクトが独自の取引所の立ち上げを発表
      • PIRL のコンテンツ マスターノードが間もなく終了します: 知っておくべきこと
      • PIRL マスターノードと DApps の概要
      • PIRL 分散型慈善財団
      • PirlGuard のおかげで、Callisto は 51% の攻撃から保護されています
    • Hindi
      • ------वेब 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 क्या है?------
      • Page दुनिया का पहला विकेन्द्रीकृत ऑडियो चैट रूम रूम-हाउस
      • विकेन्द्रीकृत ऑडियो चैट रूम के बारे में क्या खास है?
      • ऐसी विशेषताएँ जो रूम-हाउस.कॉम विकेंद्रीकृत चैट रूम को दिग्गजों के साथ प्रतिस्पर्धी बनाती हैं
      • क्या आपने कभी विकेंद्रीकृत चैरिटी फंड के बारे में सुना है?
      • ऑनलाइन मीटिंग क्या है? 4 सबसे प्रभावी ऑनलाइन कॉन्फ्रेंसिंग समाधान
      • ऑनलाइन मीटिंग क्या है? क्या इसे व्यवस्थित करना आसान है या कठिन?
      • एक पेशेवर ऑनलाइन मीटिंग रूम का मानक क्या है?
      • दुनिया के पहले ऑनलाइन मीटिंग सॉफ़्टवेयर का इतिहास
      • विकेन्द्रीकृत अनुप्रयोग रूम-हाउस.कॉम (डीएएपी)
      • इंटरनेट का जन्म किस वर्ष हुआ था? और प्रोजेक्ट स्काईपिरल का जन्म
      • अंतरिक्ष में स्काईपिरल विकेन्द्रीकृत इंटरनेट का निर्माण
      • डेटा संग्रह एक बहुत बड़ा उद्योग है जो अंधेरे में काम करता है
      • हर किसी के उपयोग के लिए मुफ़्त और आसान विकेन्द्रीकृत इंटरनेट
      • पर्ल (PIRL) क्या है? समुदाय आधारित परियोजना मास्टर्नोड प्रौद्योगिकी के परिचय में अग्रणी है
      • पिरलगार्ड - 51% हमलों के खिलाफ अभिनव समाधान
      • ईटीसी और पिरलगार्ड साइबर सुरक्षा योजना
      • PirlChat मैसेंजर रिलीज़
      • PirlChat 0.5.1–0.6 बीटा संस्करणों का अवलोकन
      • विकेन्द्रीकृत ब्लॉकचेन संदेशवाहक
      • PirlChat मैसेंजर संस्करण 1.0.4 जारी किया गया
      • Pirl 2.0 क्या है और Pirl नेटवर्क में क्या बदलाव आएंगे
      • पर्ल प्रोजेक्ट ने अपने स्वयं के एक्सचेंज के लॉन्च की घोषणा की
      • पीआईआरएल के कंटेंट मास्टरनोड्स लगभग समाप्त हो चुके हैं: आपको क्या जानना चाहिए
      • पीआईआरएल मास्टरनोड्स और डीएपी अवलोकन
      • पीआईआरएल विकेंद्रीकृत चैरिटी फाउंडेशन
      • PirlGuard को धन्यवाद, कैलिस्टो 51% हमलों से सुरक्षित है
    • Charity
      • Децентрализованный благотворительный фонд PIRL
      • PIRL 去中心化慈善基金会
      • PIRL 分散型慈善財団
      • Yayasan Amal Terdesentralisasi PIRL
      • PIRL विकेंद्रीकृत चैरिटी फाउंडेशन
      • Fundación Benéfica Descentralizada PIRL
      • Pirl المؤسسة الخيرية اللامركزية
      • קרן צדקה מבוזרת של PIRL
      • PIRL 분산형 자선 재단
      • PIRL Dezentrale Wohltätigkeitsstiftung
      • Ang mga desentralisadong charity fund Pirl
      • ມູນນິທິການກຸສົນ PIRL Decentralized
      • PIRL Decentralized caritas Foundation
      • มูลนิธิ PIRL Decentralized Charity Foundation
      • PIRL төвлөрсөн бус буяны сан
      • PIRL Weqfa Xêrxwazî ​​ya Nenavendî
      • Fundacja Dobroczynności Zdecentralizowanej PIRL
      • PIRL Gedesentraliseerde Liefdadigheidstigting
      • PIRL Adɔe Fapem a Wɔde Di Dwuma wɔ Decentralized
      • Fondacioni i Decentralizuar i Bamirësisë PIRL
      • PIRL ያልተማከለ የበጎ አድራጎት ድርጅት
      • PIRL ապակենտրոնացված բարեգործական հիմնադրամ
      • PIRL Mərkəzləşdirilməmiş Xeyriyyə Fondu
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On this page
  • Key Components​
  • Pool Member Lifecycle​
  • Pool Administration​
  • Pool Lifecycle​
  • Nomination Pools - Slashing​
  • Nominating vs Joining a Pool​
  1. FAQ?
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  3. Basics
  4. Staking

Nomination Pools

PreviousIntroduction to StakingNextAdvanced

Last updated 1 year ago

NOMINATION POOLS ARE LIVE ON POLKADOT!

Nomination pools are a new feature for Polkadot’s staking system that allows users to pool their DOT tokens together on-chain to nominate validators and receive rewards, significantly improving the system’s scalability. Now, anyone with as little as . Note that rewards are not guaranteed for those pools that do not have enough bonded funds to be included within the . Only members of active pools will receive rewards.

  • There are currently 15498 members. (There can be a maximum of 49152 members.)

  • There are currently 164 pools. (There can be a maximum of 512 pools)

  • No limit on members per pool.

NOTE

Learn the key differences between .

For Ledger users: Joining a nomination pool is possible only with the XL version of the Polkadot Ledger App. This should be installed by default on Ledger Nano X and S Plus, but not on the Nano S.

If you become a nomination pool member or a pool admin, you cannot participate in Governance with the bonded tokens in the pool, as they are held in a .

HAVE QUESTIONS ON NOMINATION POOLS?

Please join the for asking general questions about Nomination Pools. If you are a developer, please join our .

Nomination Pools

Nomination pools are one of the key features from the roadmap of staking improvements on Polkadot. They are designed to permissionlessly allow members to pool their funds together and act as a single nominator account.

WHY AREN'T THE MEMBERS IN THE NOMINATION POOLS CALLED DELEGATORS?

The term delegator is associated too much with Delegated Proof of Staking (DPoS), and since Polkadot implements Nominated Proof of Staking (NPoS), naming them delegators would be misleading. The term member is our generic replacement for delegator. In action, members are quite similar to delegators and delegate their nomination power to the pool.

The pool’s earnings are split pro rata to a member's stake in the bonded pool (and thus, the staking rewards for members will be the same as if they were a nominator). Importantly, slashes are also applied proportionally to members who may have been actively bonded.

  • Bonded Pool: Tracks the distribution of actively staked funds.

  • Reward Pool: Tracks rewards earned by actively staked funds.

  • Unbonding Sub Pools: Collection of pools at different phases (i.e. eras) of the unbonding lifecycle.

  • Members: Accounts that nominate to the pools.

  • Point: Unit of measure for a member’s portion of a pool's funds. All pools start with a point to Planck ratio of 1. Over time, if the pool receives rewards, they increase in value, and if the pool is slashed, it decreases in value.

A member delegates funds to a pool by transferring some amount to the pool’s bonded account with the join extrinsic. The pool then increases its bond with the new funds. A member is afforded the ability to bond additional funds or re-stake rewards as long as they are already actively bonded. Note that a member may only belong to one pool at a time.

The current minimum bond to join a pool on Polkadot is 1 DOT.

INFO

USE NON-TRANSFER OR NOMINATION POOLS PROXY ACCOUNTS TO JOIN NOMINATION POOLS

Thus, depending on how much control you want to give your proxy, you might choose between non-transfer > staking > nomination pool proxy, with the latter being only able to sign transactions related to the NominationPool pallet.

As a pool member, you can grant permission to any other account to claim and compound rewards on your behalf. There are four permission options:

  • Permissioned (default): you need to claim and compound your rewards.

  • PermissionlessCompound: you grant permission to any other account to compound (claim and bond) your rewards on your behalf.

  • PermissionlessWithdraw: you grant permission to any other account to withdraw (claim and keep as a free balance) your rewards on your behalf.

  • PermissionlessAll: you grant permission to any other account to compound or withdraw your rewards on your behalf.

UNBONDING TRANSACTION AUTOMATICALLY TRIGGERS WITHDRAWAL OF REWARDS

When there is a change in the bonded balance, the accumulated rewards in the pool thus far are automatically withdrawn to the account. The rewards are then accrued based on the updated bonded balance.

  • A member cannot vote (e.g. in Referenda or for Council members) with their nominated funds. This may be changed in the future once accounts are afforded the ability to split votes.

  • For a member to switch pools, all funds from the account must be unbonded. This process takes 28 eras.

  • A member can partially unbond the staked funds in the pool (at most 16 partial unbonds).

  • Open: The pool is open to be joined by anyone.

  • Blocked: The pool is blocked; no joiners are permitted.

  • Destroying: The pool is in the process of being destroyed. Once in this state, the pool may never revert to any other state; it can only proceed to be destroyed. All members can be permissionlessly unbonded; this allows the pool to be dismantled regardless of any member’s proactivity.

  • Depositor: Creates the pool and is the initial member. The depositor can only leave the pool once all other members have left. Once they leave by withdrawing, the pool is fully removed from the system.

  • Nominator: Can select the validators the pool nominates.

  • Bouncer: Can change the pool’s state and kick (permissionlessly unbond/withdraw) members if the pool is blocked.

  • Root: Can change the nominator, bouncer, or itself. Further, it can perform any of the actions the nominator or bouncer can.

Three methods can be used when setting the pool commission:

  • Max Commission (nominationPools.setCommissionMax extrinsic): the maximum commission (maxCommission parameter) the pool will apply to its members (between 0% and Max Commission). Note that once set, the pool admin can only lower it.

  • Change Rate (nominationPools.setCommissionChangeRate extrinsic): the maximum rate increase (maxIncrease parameter) allowed for a single commission update. Note that once set, the pool admin can only lower it. When setting the Change Rate, it will also be possible to set a minDelay quantified as the number of blocks (since last commission update) after which it is possible to change the commission (i.e. the minimum delay between commission updates). Note that once set, the pool admin can only increase it.

Max Commission and Change Rate must not be necessarily set. It is the choice of the pool admin to set those parameters and provide transparency to the pool members about the pool's commission policy.

MAX COMMISSION AND CHANGE RATE ARE CURRENTLY PERMANENT

Once the Max Commission and the Change Rate are set, the pool admin currently can only decrease those values. The minimum delay between commission updates can only be increased. The situation can change in the future and a forceSetCommissionMax method can be proposed through governance referendum.

Let's take, for example, Pool A, which sets the Commission Rate to 10%, the Max Commission to 100%, and the Change Rate to 1% every 300 blocks (which equates to approximately 30 minutes). The following statements are true:

  • The pool commission can be increased by 1% every 30 minutes. Bigger increases are not allowed. Increases of less than or equal to 1% are not allowed sooner than 30 minutes since the last commission update.

  • The Max Commission can only be decreased from 100%. Once decreased, it can be decreased again but it cannot be increased.

  • The Change Rate's maximum increase can only be decreased from 1%. Once decreased, it can be decreased again but it cannot be increased.

  • The Change Rate's minimum delay between updates of 30 min can only be increased. Once increased, it can be increased again but it cannot be decreased.

ADVANCED HOW-TO GUIDES

Suppose the staking system slashes a pool’s underlying nomination account. In that case, the slash is distributed evenly across the bonded pool, and the unbonding pools from slash era+1 through the slash apply era. Thus, any member who either a) was unbonding or b) was actively bonded in the aforementioned range of eras will be affected by the slash. In other words, a member who may have been actively bonded during the offence is slashed pro rata based on its stake relative to the total slash amount.

Unbonding pools need to be slashed to ensure all nominators who were in the bonded pool while it was backing a validator that committed an offense are punished. Without these measures a nominator could unbond right after a validator equivocated with no consequences.

This strategy is unfair to members who joined after the slash because they get slashed as well, but it spares members who unbond. The latter is much more important for security: if a pool's validators attack the network, their members need to unbond fast! Avoiding additional slashes gives them an incentive to do that if validators get repeatedly slashed.

Nominating is the action of choosing validators. It does not simply involve bonding tokens. Nominating is an active task, which implies that you regularly monitor that your stake is backing an active validator in all the eras and check if you are receiving your staking rewards. More importantly, ensure that the validators you chose always act in the best interests of the network protocol and have less chance of getting slashed. To nominate, you need a minimum of 10 DOT, and to receive rewards, you need at least a balance greater than the minimum active bond. Depending on your validators, if your active validator is oversubscribed, you will earn rewards only if your stake is within that of the top 512 nominators. If the validator misbehaves, It is worth noting that your stake is subject to slashing, irrespective of whether you are at the top 512 nominators or not.

As the minimum active bond is a dynamic value, it can make your nomination inactive when the threshold goes above your bonded balance. Hence, to be eligible to earn rewards while nominating, you would need to stake a much higher balance than the minimum active bond.

Nomination pools are a way to participate in staking with as little as 1 DOT and earn staking rewards. Nomination pools differ from custodial solutions (like staking through central exchanges) because they are non-custodial, native to Polkadot's protocol, permissionless, transparent, and run in a decentralized way by the community. Before joining a nomination pool, you must ensure that the pool is earning rewards and nominating the validators that match your preferences. Participating in pools is more of a set-and-forget action than nominating by yourself. The pool operator maintains the list of validators nominated by the pool, and so, in a way, you are trusting the pool operator to act in your best interests. However, it is advised to check the validators nominated by the pool from time to time and change the pool if necessary.

MINIMUM ACTIVE NOMINATION VALUE IS DYNAMIC

Nominating
Joining a Pool

Minimum 250 DOT to nominate.

Minimum 1 DOT to be a member.

Rewards can be compounded automatically or sent to any account.

Rewards can be manually claimed to the pool member's account and be bonded in the pool again to compound them.

If the active validator gets slashed, all active nominators are subjected to slashing, also those that do not receive rewards due to the oversubscription issue.

If the active validator gets slashed, all pool members are subjected to slashing.

Can bond and stake DOT indefinitely.

Can bond and stake DOT until the pool exists.

Unbonding period of 28 days. Can switch validators without unbonding.

Unbonding period of 28 days. Need to unbond before switching to a different pool.

Maximum uncapped.

Maximum uncapped.

Staked tokens can be used for participation in Governance.

Staked tokens cannot be used for participation in Governance.

The pool member must claim the rewards.

Bonded funds remain in your account.

Nominator manages the list of staked validators (up to 16).

Nominations managed by the pool operator.

Due to the current runtime constraints, Polkadot can only handle 22500 nominators comfortably in the . As one of the objectives of the is to maximize the overall stake on the network, it can be inferred that the staking system on Polkadot favors nominators with a larger stake. Only the nominator accounts which back the validators in the active set are eligible for receiving staking rewards. This leaves out nomination intents from the accounts with lower token balance than the min-active nomination and places them in a waiting queue to enter electing set. Nomination pools will be handy for members who want to participate in the staking system with a stake much lower than the dynamic min-active nomination threshold on the network. All operations are constant space and time complexity relative to the number of members, eliminating any theoretical upper bound on the number of members the system can handle and thus scaling the number of accounts that can participate and earn rewards in the staking system on Polkadot. In summary, each nomination pool is viewed as a single nominator from the NPoS system point of view.

Key Components

Pool Member Lifecycle

Join a pool

The funds nominated to a pool will not be visible in the member's account balance on Polkadot JS Apps UI. This is because the member funds are transferred from their account to the pool's . This pool account is not accessible by anyone (including the pool root or depositor) and only the pool's internal logic can access the account.

Only and can be used to participate in nomination pools. cannot be used as they cannot make calls to the nomination pools pallet. (The nomination pools will be supported through a staking proxy when the changes made in are released on the network.

Check the "How to join a pool" section in for guidelines.

Claim rewards

The member can claim their portion of any rewards that have accumulated since the previous time they claimed (or in the case that they have never claimed, any rewards that have accumulated since the era after they joined). Rewards are split pro rata among the actively bonded members. Check the "How to claim rewards" section in for guidelines.

Claim Permissions

See the for more information about how to set your claim permissions.

See the to learn how to claim rewards for another pool member.

Unbond and withdraw funds

At any point in time after joining the pool, a member can start the process of exiting by unbonding. unbond will unbond part or all of the member's funds. After unbond has been called and the unbonding duration has passed (28 eras which correspond to 28 days on Polkadot), a member may withdraw their funds with withdrawUnbonded. Withdrawing effectively ends a member's relationship with their pool, allowing them to join a different pool if desired. Check the "Withdraw unbonded funds" section in for guidelines.

Limitations of Nomination Pools

Pool Administration

States

Roles

Pool Commissions

As the pool root role, you can set pool commissions that will be applied to the staking rewards paid out to the pool's system account before rewards are allocated for the pool members. You can set pool commissions through the .

Commission Rate (nominationPools.setCommission extrinsic): the start or new commission rate (newCommission parameter) that can be set between 0% and 10% (decided through ) via the parameter. You will need to specify an Input Payee Account, i.e. the account that will receive the commission.

Pool Lifecycle

See for more information about the lifecycle of nomination pools. The cycle includes creation, upkeep and destruction.

Nomination Pools - Slashing

Nominating vs Joining a Pool

The minimum amount required to become an active nominator and earn rewards is 293.700 DOT. If you have less DOT than the minimum active nomination and still want to participate in staking, you can join the nomination pools. You can now stake on Polkadot natively with just 1 DOT in the nomination pools and earn staking rewards. For additional information, see . Check the wiki doc on for more information.

Should bond more than the in an era to be eligible to earn staking rewards, although it can depend on multiple other factors outlined in the linked document.

A nomination pool earns rewards in an era if it satisfies all the conditions mentioned for the nominator (as the nomination pool is just a nominator from perspective).

can be triggered permissionlessly by anyone (typically done by the validator).

Bonded funds are transferred to a pool account which is administered by the network protocol and is not accessible to anyone else. See for more information.

electing set
NPoS algorithm
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system account
non-transfer proxies
nomination pools proxy
Staking proxies
this PR
this support article
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this support article
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Staking Dashboard page
advanced guides
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this support article
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Polkadot Staking Dashboard
governance referendum
globalMaxCommission
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this page
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this blog post
nomination pools
minimum active nomination
the NPoS system
Rewards payout
System Accounts
1 DOT can receive rewards for staking natively on Polkadot
bags list
Staking directly vs Joining a Nomination Pool
system account
Polkadot Discord
nomination pools support channel